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DBMS > Dgraph vs. etcd vs. H2 vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. etcd vs. H2 vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonetcd  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA distributed reliable key-value storeFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.ioetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
www.h2database.comwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
www.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.Thomas MuellerPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release201620051989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release3.4, August 20192.2.220, July 202316.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoGoJavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
All OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC
JSON over HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
Java.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnoyes, watching key changesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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