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DBMS > Dgraph vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison Dgraph vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelGraph DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websitedgraph.iogithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­bigtableazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationdgraph.io/­docsapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperDgraph Labs, Inc.FoundationDBGoogleMicrosoft
Initial release2016201320152010
Current release6.2.28, November 2020V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedhosted
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnosupported in specific SQL layer onlynoyes
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlynoTransact SQL
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyesShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSynchronous replication via RaftyesInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDAtomic single-row operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoPlanned for future releasesnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DgraphFoundationDBGoogle Cloud BigtableMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
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