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DBMS > Datomic vs. Ingres vs. LeanXcale vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Ingres vs. LeanXcale vs. PostgreSQL vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityWell established RDBMSA highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score0.36
Rank#280  Overall
#40  Key-value stores
#129  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score111.41
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.datomic.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.leanxcale.comwww.postgresql.orgwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comdocs.actian.com/­ingreswww.postgresql.org/­docswww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperCognitectActian CorporationLeanXcalePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerDwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release20121974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20151989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2000
Current release1.0.6735, June 202311.2, May 202216.3, May 20243.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureCCC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
server-less
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyes infothrough Apache Derbyyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP API.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
C
Java
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction Functionsyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
TriggersBy using transaction functionsyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peershorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslypartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersIngres ReplicatorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnoyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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