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DBMS > Datomic vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HyperSQL vs. KairosDB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Datomic vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. HyperSQL vs. KairosDB vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonKairosDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBDistributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.59
Rank#150  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score0.62
Rank#239  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablehsqldb.orggithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdbwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdocs.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlkairosdb.github.iowww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperCognitectGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20122015200120131989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release1.0.6735, June 20232.7.2, June 20231.2.2, November 201816.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infolimited edition freecommercialOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava, ClojureJavaJavaC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesLinux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesnoyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesnoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Graphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoTransaction FunctionsnoJava, SQLnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersBy using transaction functionsnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingnoneSharding infobased on Cassandrapartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesnoneselectable replication factor infobased on CassandraSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDAtomic single-row operationsACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnoyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardsimple password-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DatomicGoogle Cloud BigtableHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBKairosDBPostgreSQL
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