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DBMS > CrateDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. NebulaGraph vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison CrateDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. NebulaGraph vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed Database based on LuceneA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Search engineRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRDF store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.71
Rank#227  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#9  Vector DBMS
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitecratedb.comwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasegithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
rdf4j.org
Technical documentationcratedb.com/­docswww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.nebula-graph.iordf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperCrateElasticMicrosoftVesoft Inc.Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20132010201020192004
Current release8.6, January 2023V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen SourceOpen Source infoElastic LicensecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++C++Java
Server operating systemsAll Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)schema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesStrong typed schemayes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilitySQL-like query languageyesSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languages.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions (Javascript)yesTransact SQLuser defined functionsyes
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelyesyes, with always 3 replicas availableCausal Clustering using Raft protocolnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop Connectornonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Eventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategynoACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationyes
User concepts infoAccess controlrights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlno
More information provided by the system vendor
CrateDBElasticsearchMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureNebulaGraphRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more
NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
CrateDBElasticsearchMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureNebulaGraphRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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