DBMS > Couchbase vs. NebulaGraph vs. Raima Database Manager vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Couchbase vs. NebulaGraph vs. Raima Database Manager vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A distributed document store with integrated cache, a powerful search engine, in-built operational and analytical capabilities, and an embedded mobile database

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into an application or used as a database server

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Primary database model

Document store

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

RDF store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Key-value store

originating from the former Membase product and supporting the Memcached protocol
Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.59
Rank	#36	Overall
	#5	Document stores

Score	2.23
Rank	#116	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	0.49
Rank	#259	Overall
	#121	Relational DBMS
	#21	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	18.04
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

www.couchbase.com

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

raima.com

rdf4j.org

spark.apache.org/sql

Technical documentation

docs.couchbase.com

docs.nebula-graph.io

docs.raima.com

rdf4j.org/documentation

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

Developer

Couchbase, Inc.

Vesoft Inc.

Raima Inc.

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

2011

2019

1984

2004

2014

Current release

Server: 7.2, June 2023; Mobile: 3.1, March 2022; Couchbase Capella (DBaaS), June 2023

15, June 2021

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Business Source License (BSL 1.1); Commercial licenses also available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, C++, Go and Erlang

C++

Java

Scala

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Android
HP-UX
Integrity RTOS
iOS
Linux
OS X
QNX
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

Strong typed schema

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Exporting/Importing of XML structures possible

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL++, extends ANSI SQL to JSON for operational, transactional, and analytic use cases

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

CLI Client
HTTP REST
Kafka Connector
Native language bindings for CRUD, Query, Search and Analytics APIs
Spark Connector
Spring Data

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Kotlin
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
C
C++
Objective-C
PL/SQL

Java
PHP
Python

Java
Python
R
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Functions and timers in JavaScript and UDFs in Java, Python, SQL++

user defined functions

yes

based on the ANSI/ISO SQL Persistent Stored Modules (PSM) specification

yes

Triggers

yes

via the TAP protocol

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Automatic Sharding

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

none

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

including cross data center replication
Source-replica replication

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

selectable on a per-operation basis

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Ephemeral buckets

yes

User concepts

Access control

User and Administrator separation with password-based and LDAP integrated Authentication. Role-base access control.

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more

Raima Database Manager (RDM) is an embedded time-series database optimized to run...
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Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more

Decreased time-to-market Industry-standard interfaces & tools for making your job...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

Typical use cases include: Internet of Things (IoT) Embedded In-Memory Database Time-Series...
» more

Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more

Infor, ABB, The Boeing Company, BAE Systems, Dow Jones, Dun & Bradstreet, Fujitsu,...
» more

Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

Over 30 000 applications developers worldwide have field-tested RDM products More...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

Just as the technical aspects of Raima Database Manager are flexible, so are the...
» more

News

Raima Unveils RaimaDB 16.0: Elevating Database Performance and User Experience
29 February 2024

Raima Announces Release of Raima Database Manager (RDM) v15, a Powerful Embedded Time Series Database
10 June 2021

Raima Announces Release of Raima Database Manager (RDM) v14.2, a Powerful IoT Edge Embedded Database
8 October 2020

Raima Joins BlackBerry QNX Channel Partner Program to Deliver Safety-Critical and Secure Software Solutions
1 October 2020

Raima Expands Their Reseller Network in Asia
19 May 2020

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.