DBMS > Couchbase vs. Dgraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. TerminusDB vs. Trafodion
System Properties Comparison Couchbase vs. Dgraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. TerminusDB vs. Trafodion
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| Name | Couchbase  Originally called Membase Xexclude from comparison | Dgraph Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | TerminusDB former name was DataChemist Xexclude from comparison | Trafodion Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | A distributed document store with integrated cache, a powerful search engine, in-built operational and analytical capabilities, and an embedded mobile database | Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships | Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Document store | Graph DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Graph DBMS | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Key-value store originating from the former Membase product and supporting the Memcached protocol Spatial DBMS using the Geocouch extensionSearch engine Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Document store RDF store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | www.couchbase.com | dgraph.io | www.postgresql.org | terminusdb.com | trafodion.apache.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | docs.couchbase.com | dgraph.io/docs | www.postgresql.org/docs | terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/# | trafodion.apache.org/documentation.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Couchbase, Inc. | Dgraph Labs, Inc. | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | DataChemist Ltd. | Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2011 | 2016 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2018 | 2014 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | Server: 7.2, June 2023; Mobile: 3.1, March 2022; Couchbase Capella (DBaaS), June 2023 | 16.3, May 2024 | 11.0.0, January 2023 | 2.3.0, February 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Business Source License (BSL 1.1); Commercial licenses also available | Open Source Apache 2.0 | Open Source BSD | Open Source GPL V3 | Open Source Apache 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | C, C++, Go and Erlang | Go | C | Prolog, Rust | C++, Java | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | Linux OS X Windows | Linux OS X Windows | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Linux | Linux | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free | schema-free | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | SQL++, extends ANSI SQL to JSON for operational, transactional, and analytic use cases | no | yes standard with numerous extensions | SQL-like query language (WOQL) | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | CLI Client HTTP REST Kafka Connector Native language bindings for CRUD, Query, Search and Analytics APIs Spark Connector Spring Data | GraphQL query language gRPC (using protocol buffers) API HTTP API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | OWL RESTful HTTP API WOQL (Web Object Query Language) | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | .Net C Go Java JavaScript Node.jsKotlin PHP Python Ruby Scala | C# C++ Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python Ruby | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | JavaScript Python | All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | Functions and timers in JavaScript and UDFs in Java, Python, SQL++ | no | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | yes | Java Stored Procedures | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes via the TAP protocol | no | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Automatic Sharding | yes | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Graph Partitioning | Sharding | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-source replication including cross data center replication Source-replica replication | Synchronous replication via Raft | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Journaling Streams | yes, via HBase | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | yes | no | no | no | yes via user defined functions and HBase | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency selectable on a per-operation basis | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID | ACID | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes in-memory journaling | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes Ephemeral buckets | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | User and Administrator separation with password-based and LDAP integrated Authentication. Role-base access control. | no Planned for future releases | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Role-based access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 3rd parties | CData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers. » more | Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Couchbase Originally called Membase | Dgraph | PostgreSQL | TerminusDB former name was DataChemist | Trafodion | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | Couchbase climbs up the DB-Engines Ranking, increasing its popularity by 10% every month | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recent citations in the news | Insider Sale: Director Lynn Christensen Sells Shares of Couchbase Inc (BASE) Couchbase Announces New Employee Inducement Grants | | news-journal.com Here's Why We're Not At All Concerned With Couchbase's (NASDAQ:BASE) Cash Burn Situation Couchbase Announces New Features to Accelerate AI-Powered Adaptive Applications for Customers Couchbase's revenue grows 20% and its stock rises in extended trading provided by Google News | Popular Open Source GraphQL Company Dgraph Secures $6M in Seed Round with New Leadership Dgraph on AWS: Setting up a horizontally scalable graph database | Amazon Web Services Dgraph Rises to the Top Graph Database on GitHub With 11 G2 Badges and 11M Downloads Dgraph raises $11.5 million for scalable graph database solutions Dgraph launches Slash GraphQL, a GraphQL-native database Backend-as-a-Service provided by Google News | How to implement a better like, views, comment counters in PostgreSQL? Automatically Generate Types for Your PostgreSQL Database First Principles: Optimizing PostgreSQL for the cloud Oracle Introduces PostgreSQL Running Native on OCI General availability: Microsoft Entra ID integration with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQL | Azure updates provided by Google News | TerminusDB Takes on Data Collaboration with a git-Like Approach Trinity College spinout TerminusDB secures €3.6m in investment [MCR2030-CAMS-ARISE-UNDRR Webinar] Preventing cascading failures of critical assets: Using the Open-Source ... Irish start-ups received €28m from Enterprise Ireland in 2021 Bus Terminus Update - April 26th provided by Google News | SQL-on-Hadoop Database Trafodion Bridges Transactions and Analysis Evaluating HTAP Databases for Machine Learning Applications Low-latency, distributed database architectures are critical for emerging fog applications provided by Google News | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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