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DBMS > CouchDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Sqrrl vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Sqrrl vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSqrrl  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Sqrrl has been acquired by Amazon and became a part of Amazon Web Services. It has been removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLAdaptable, secure NoSQL built on Apache AccumuloVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitecouchdb.apache.orgwww.postgresql.orgsqrrl.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stablewww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerAmazon infooriginally Sqrrl Data, Inc.OpenLink Software
Initial release20051989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20121998
Current release3.3.3, December 202316.3, May 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageErlangCJavaC
Server operating systemsAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
LinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes
Secondary indexesyes infovia viewsyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Accumulo Shell
Java API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Actionscript
C infousing GLib
C#
C++
Cocoa
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresView functions in JavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infomaking use of Hadoopyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsselectable replication factor infomaking use of HadoopChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoyesyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency infoDocument store kept consistent with combination of global timestamping, row-level transactions, and server-side consistency resolution.Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDAtomic updates per row, document, or graph entityACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per databasefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardCell-level Security, Data-Centric Security, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
CouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"PostgreSQLSqrrlVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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More resources
CouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"PostgreSQLSqrrlVirtuoso
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Recent citations in the news

IBM Cloudant pulls plan to fund new foundational layer for CouchDB
15 March 2022, The Register

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