DBMS > CouchDB vs. HarperDB vs. Oracle vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. HarperDB vs. Oracle vs. SurrealDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.

Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.

Widely used RDBMS

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

Primary database model

Document store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	9.30
Rank	#45	Overall
	#7	Document stores

Score	0.55
Rank	#248	Overall
	#38	Document stores

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	0.86
Rank	#203	Overall
	#34	Document stores
	#18	Graph DBMS

Website

couchdb.apache.org

www.harperdb.io

www.oracle.com/database

surrealdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.couchdb.org/en/stable

docs.harperdb.io/docs

docs.oracle.com/en/database

surrealdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developer

HarperDB

Oracle

SurrealDB Ltd

Initial release

2005

2017

1980

2022

Current release

3.3.3, December 2023

3.1, August 2021

23c, September 2023

v1.1.1, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

free community edition available

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Erlang

Node.js

C and C++

Rust

Server operating systems

Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

dynamic schema

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON data types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like data manipulation statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk

.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

View functions in JavaScript

Custom Functions

since release 3.1

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

improved architecture with release 2.0

A table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a cluster

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

the nodes on which a table resides can be defined

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

atomic operations within a single document possible

Atomic execution of specific operations

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

strategy: optimistic locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, using LMDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per database

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes, based on authentication and database rules

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