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DBMS > CouchDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. PostGIS vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. Elasticsearch vs. PostGIS vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricSpatial extension of PostgreSQLWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelDocument storeSearch engineSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.46
Rank#51  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score128.79
Rank#8  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score20.16
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitecouchdb.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchpostgis.netwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stablewww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlpostgis.net/­documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerElasticPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2005201020051989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release3.3.3, December 20238.6, January 20233.4.2, February 202416.4, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoGPL v2.0Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageErlangJavaCC
Server operating systemsAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyes infovia viewsyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIJava API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresView functions in JavaScriptyesuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0Shardingyes infobased on PostgreSQLpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesyes infobased on PostgreSQLSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesES-Hadoop Connectornono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoatomic operations within a single document possiblenoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseyes infobased on PostgreSQLfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
CouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"ElasticsearchPostGISPostgreSQL
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