DBMS > CouchDB vs. Datomic vs. Oracle vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. Datomic vs. Oracle vs. Vertica

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Widely used RDBMS

Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.

Primary database model

Document store

Relational DBMS

Column oriented

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

using the Geocouch extension

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	9.30
Rank	#45	Overall
	#7	Document stores

Score	1.59
Rank	#150	Overall
	#69	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	10.68
Rank	#43	Overall
	#27	Relational DBMS

Website

couchdb.apache.org

www.datomic.com

www.oracle.com/database

www.vertica.com

Technical documentation

docs.couchdb.org/en/stable

docs.datomic.com

docs.oracle.com/en/database

vertica.com/documentation

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developer

Cognitect

Oracle

OpenText

previously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard

Initial release

2005

2012

1980

2005

Current release

3.3.3, December 2023

1.0.6735, June 2023

23c, September 2023

12.0.3, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Limited community edition free

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

on-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Erlang

Java, Clojure

C and C++

C++

Server operating systems

Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.

APIs and other access methods

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL

character-based, interactive, front-end utility

Supported programming languages

C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk

Clojure
Java

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

View functions in JavaScript

yes

Transaction Functions

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

yes

yes, called Custom Alerts

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

improved architecture with release 2.0

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

One, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

can be realized in PL/SQL

Bi-directional Spark integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

atomic operations within a single document possible

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

strategy: optimistic locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per database

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Key customers

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Licensing and pricing models

Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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