DBMS > CockroachDB vs. MonetDB vs. MongoDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. TerarkDB

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. MonetDB vs. MongoDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. TerarkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

A relational database management system that stores data in columns

One of the most popular document stores available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructure

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

A key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDB

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS
Search engine

integrated Lucene index, currently in MongoDB Atlas only.
Time Series DBMS

Time Series Collections introduced in Release 5.0
Vector DBMS

currently available in the MongoDB Atlas cloud service only

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	1.72
Rank	#145	Overall
	#67	Relational DBMS

Score	421.65
Rank	#5	Overall
	#1	Document stores

Score	2.14
Rank	#120	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#60	Key-value stores

Website

www.cockroachlabs.com

www.monetdb.org

www.mongodb.com

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

github.com/bytedance/terarkdb

Technical documentation

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

www.monetdb.org/Documentation

www.mongodb.com/docs/manual

docs.nebula-graph.io

bytedance.larkoffice.com/docs/doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc

Developer

Cockroach Labs

MonetDB BV

MongoDB, Inc

Vesoft Inc.

ByteDance, originally Terark

Initial release

2015

2004

2009

2019

2016

Current release

24.1.0, May 2024

Dec2023 (11.49), December 2023

6.0.7, June 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

Mozilla Public License 2.0

Open Source

MongoDB Inc.'s Server Side Public License v1. Prior versions were published under GNU AGPL v3.0. Commercial licenses are also available.

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

commercial

restricted open source version available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

MongoDB available as DBaaS (MongoDB Atlas)

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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MongoDB Atlas: Global multi-cloud database with unmatched data distribution and mobility across AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, built-in automation for resource and workload optimization, and so much more.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

dynamic schema

yes

schema-free

Although schema-free, documents of the same collection often follow the same structure. Optionally impose all or part of a schema by defining a JSON schema.

Strong typed schema

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, decimal, boolean, date, object_id, geospatial

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

SQL 2003 with some extensions

Read-only SQL queries via the MongoDB Atlas SQL Interface

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

JDBC
native C library

MAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC

GraphQL
HTTP REST
Prisma
proprietary protocol using JSON

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

C++ API
Java API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

Actionscript

unofficial driver
C
C#
C++
Clojure

unofficial driver
ColdFusion

unofficial driver
D

unofficial driver
Dart

unofficial driver
Delphi

unofficial driver
Erlang
Go
Groovy

unofficial driver
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Lisp

unofficial driver
Lua

unofficial driver
MatLab

unofficial driver
Perl
PHP
PowerShell

unofficial driver
Prolog

unofficial driver
Python
R

unofficial driver
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Smalltalk

unofficial driver
Swift

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

C++
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes, in SQL, C, R

JavaScript

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

in MongoDB Atlas only

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

Sharding via remote tables

Sharding

Partitioned by hashed, ranged, or zoned sharding keys. Live resharding allows users to change their shard keys as an online operation with zero downtime.

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

none

Source-replica replication available in experimental status

Multi-Source deployments with MongoDB Atlas Global Clusters
Source-replica replication

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

can be individually decided for each read operation
Immediate Consistency

default behaviour

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

typically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possible

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-document ACID Transactions with snapshot isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional, enabled by default

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

In-memory storage engine introduced with MongoDB version 3.2

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

MongoDB provides an integrated suite of cloud database and data services to accelerate...
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NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Competitive advantages

Built around the flexible document data model and unified API, MongoDB is a developer...
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NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Typical application scenarios

AI-enriched intelligent apps (Continental, Telefonica, Iron Mountain) Internet of...
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Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Key customers

ADP, Adobe, Amadeus, AstraZeneca, Auto Trader, Barclays, BBVA, Bosch, Cisco, CERN,...
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Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Market metrics

Hundreds of millions downloads, over 150,000+ Atlas clusters provisioned every month...
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At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
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Licensing and pricing models

MongoDB database server: Server-Side Public License (SSPL) . Commercial licenses...
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NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.