DBMS > CockroachDB vs. LevelDB vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OpenEdge

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. LevelDB vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OpenEdge

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	6.15
Rank	#55	Overall
	#33	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	93.21
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	3.51
Rank	#86	Overall
	#46	Relational DBMS

Website

www.cockroachlabs.com

github.com/google/leveldb

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.progress.com/openedge

Technical documentation

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

documentation.progress.com/output/ua/OpenEdge_latest

Developer

Cockroach Labs

Google

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Microsoft

Progress Software Corporation

Initial release

2015

2011

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2014

1984

Current release

23.1.1, May 2023

1.23, February 2021

11.3.2, February 2024

OpenEdge 12.2, March 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

dynamic schema

schema-free

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language

yes

close to SQL 92

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Progress proprietary ABL (Advanced Business Language)

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

JavaScript

yes

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

none

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning

since Version 11.4

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Users and groups

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Key customers

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Market metrics

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Licensing and pricing models

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