DBMS > CockroachDB vs. Kdb vs. MariaDB vs. QuestDB vs. STSdb

System Properties Comparison CockroachDB vs. Kdb vs. MariaDB vs. QuestDB vs. STSdb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

High performance Time Series DBMS

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

A high performance open source SQL database for time series data

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	5.73
Rank	#58	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	7.71
Rank	#49	Overall
	#2	Time Series DBMS
	#1	Vector DBMS

Score	91.04
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	2.70
Rank	#105	Overall
	#8	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.10
Rank	#357	Overall
	#51	Key-value stores

Website

www.cockroachlabs.com

kx.com

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

questdb.io

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

Technical documentation

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

code.kx.com

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

questdb.io/docs

Developer

Cockroach Labs

Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plc

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

QuestDB Technology Inc

STS Soft SC

Initial release

2015

2000

kdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2014

2011

Current release

24.1.0, May 2024

3.6, May 2018

11.3.2, February 2024

4.0.8, September 2015

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

commercial

free 32-bit version

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java (Zero-GC), C++, Rust

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Windows

Data scheme

dynamic schema

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

yes

schema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

table attribute 'grouped'

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

SQL-like query language (q)

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL with time-series extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol

.NET Client API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

PostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

over HTTP

C#
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

Triggers

yes

with views

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

horizontal partitioning

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by timestamps)

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication with eventual consistency

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

similar paradigm used for internal processing

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID for single-table writes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

yes

through memory mapped files

User concepts

Access control

Role-based access control

rights management via user accounts

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
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Competitive advantages

provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
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Typical application scenarios

tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
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Key customers

Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
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Market metrics

kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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Licensing and pricing models

upon request
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MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
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