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DBMS > ClickHouse vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Neo4j vs. QuestDB vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison ClickHouse vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Neo4j vs. QuestDB vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameClickHouse  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsA high performance open source SQL database for time series dataSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsTime Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score16.20
Rank#37  Overall
#23  Relational DBMS
Score78.40
Rank#15  Overall
#10  Relational DBMS
Score44.47
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score2.48
Rank#115  Overall
#9  Time Series DBMS
Score19.15
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteclickhouse.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaseneo4j.comquestdb.iospark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationclickhouse.com/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlneo4j.com/­docsquestdb.io/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperClickhouse Inc.MicrosoftNeo4j, Inc.QuestDB Technology IncApache Software Foundation
Initial release20162010200720142014
Current releasev24.3.2.23-lts, April 2024V125.19, April 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
  • ClickHouse Cloud: Get the performance you love from open source ClickHouse in a serverless offering that takes care of the details so you can spend more time getting insight out of the fastest database on earth.
  • DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.
  • Aiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageC++C++Java, ScalaJava (Zero-GC), C++, RustScala
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
macOS
hostedLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and schema-optionalyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocolyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucenenono
SQL infoSupport of SQLClose to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)yesnoSQL with time-series extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC# info3rd party library
C++
Elixir info3rd party library
Go info3rd party library
Java info3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party library
Kotlin info3rd party library
Nim info3rd party library
Perl info3rd party library
PHP info3rd party library
Python info3rd party library
R info3rd party library
Ruby info3rd party library
Rust
Scala info3rd party library
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesTransact SQLyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsnono
Triggersnoyesyes infovia event handlernono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeskey based and customyes using Neo4j Fabrichorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)yes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesAsynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.yes, with always 3 replicas availableCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlySource-replica replication with eventual consistencynone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoRelationships in graphsnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID for single-table writesno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infothrough memory mapped filesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)no
More information provided by the system vendor
ClickHouseMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureNeo4jQuestDBSpark SQL
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesAiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.
» more

DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
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