DBMS > ClickHouse vs. Geode vs. PostgreSQL vs. PouchDB vs. SQLite
System Properties Comparison ClickHouse vs. Geode vs. PostgreSQL vs. PouchDB vs. SQLite
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| Name | ClickHouse Xexclude from comparison | Geode Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | PouchDB Xexclude from comparison | SQLite Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering. | Geode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processes | Widely used open source RDBMS  Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | JavaScript DBMS with an API inspired by CouchDB | Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Key-value store | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Document store | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Time Series DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | clickhouse.com | geode.apache.org | www.postgresql.org | pouchdb.com | www.sqlite.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | clickhouse.com/docs | geode.apache.org/docs | www.postgresql.org/docs | pouchdb.com/guides | www.sqlite.org/docs.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Clickhouse Inc. | Originally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire. | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Apache Software Foundation | Dwayne Richard Hipp | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2016 | 2002 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2012 | 2000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | v24.4.1.2088-stable, May 2024 | 1.1, February 2017 | 16.3, May 2024 | 7.1.1, June 2019 | 3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache 2.0 | Open Source Apache Version 2; commercial licenses available as Gemfire | Open Source BSD | Open Source | Open Source Public Domain | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | C++ | Java | C | JavaScript | C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | FreeBSD Linux macOS | All OS with a Java VM the JDK (8 or later) is also required | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) | server-less | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | schema-free | yes | schema-free | yes dynamic column types | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | no | yes not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | no | yes | yes via views | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions) | SQL-like query language (OQL) | yes standard with numerous extensions | no | yes SQL-92 is not fully supported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | gRPC HTTP REST JDBC MySQL wire protocol ODBC PostgreSQL wire protocol Proprietary protocol | Java Client API Memcached protocol RESTful HTTP API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | HTTP REST only for PouchDB Server JavaScript API | ADO.NET inofficial driver JDBC inofficial driverODBC inofficial driver | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | C# 3rd party library C++ Elixir 3rd party libraryGo 3rd party libraryJava 3rd party libraryJavaScript (Node.js) 3rd party libraryKotlin 3rd party libraryNim 3rd party libraryPerl 3rd party libraryPHP 3rd party libraryPython 3rd party libraryR 3rd party libraryRuby 3rd party libraryRust Scala 3rd party library | .Net All JVM based languages C++ Groovy Java Scala | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | JavaScript | Actionscript Ada Basic C C# C++ D Delphi Forth Fortran Haskell Java JavaScript Lisp Lua MatLab Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP PL/SQL Python R Ruby Scala Scheme Smalltalk Tcl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes | user defined functions | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | View functions in JavaScript | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | yes Cache Event Listeners | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | key based and custom | Sharding | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding with a proxy-based framework, named couchdb-lounge | none | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages. | Multi-source replication | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Multi-source replication also with CouchDB databases Source-replica replication also with CouchDB databases | none | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | yes | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | no | yes, on a single node | ACID | no | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes via file-system locks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes by using IndexedDB, WebSQL or LevelDB as backend | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication. | Access rights per client and object definable | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ClickHouse | Geode | PostgreSQL | PouchDB | SQLite | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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