DBMS > ClickHouse vs. Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. QuestDB vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison ClickHouse vs. Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. QuestDB vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.

Enterprise-grade PostgreSQL-based DBMS with security enhancements such as Transparent Data Encryption and Data Masking, plus high-availability and performance improvement features.

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

A high performance open source SQL database for time series data

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Time Series DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.20
Rank	#37	Overall
	#23	Relational DBMS

Score	0.37
Rank	#281	Overall
	#127	Relational DBMS

Score	78.40
Rank	#15	Overall
	#10	Relational DBMS

Score	2.48
Rank	#115	Overall
	#9	Time Series DBMS

Score	19.15
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

clickhouse.com

www.postgresql.fastware.com

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

questdb.io

spark.apache.org/sql

Technical documentation

clickhouse.com/docs

www.postgresql.fastware.com/product-manuals

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

questdb.io/docs

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

Developer

Clickhouse Inc.

PostgreSQL Global Development Group, Fujitsu Australia Software Technology

Microsoft

QuestDB Technology Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

2016

2010

2014

Current release

v24.3.2.23-lts, April 2024

Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres 14, January 2022

V12

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ClickHouse Cloud: Get the performance you love from open source ClickHouse in a serverless offering that takes care of the details so you can spend more time getting insight out of the fastest database on earth.
Aiven for Clickhouse: Managed cloud data warehousing with high-speed analytics.
DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.

Implementation language

C++

Java (Zero-GC), C++, Rust

Scala

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS

Linux
Windows

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)

yes

SQL with time-series extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

3rd party library
C++
Elixir

3rd party library
Go

3rd party library
Java

3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party library
Kotlin

3rd party library
Nim

3rd party library
Perl

3rd party library
PHP

3rd party library
Python

3rd party library
R

3rd party library
Ruby

3rd party library
Rust
Scala

3rd party library

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

PostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

over HTTP

Java
Python
R
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

key based and custom

partitioning by range, list and by hash

horizontal partitioning (by timestamps)

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.

Source-replica replication

yes, with always 3 replicas available

Source-replica replication with eventual consistency

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID for single-table writes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

through memory mapped files

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

100% compatible with community PostgreSQL
» more

Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more

Competitive advantages

Built-in TDE and Data Masking security. In-Memory Columnar Index, and a high speed...
» more

High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Transactional payments applications, reporting and mixed workloads.
» more

Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more

Key customers

Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more

Market metrics

Over 30 years experience in database technology. Over 20 years in Postgres development...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Core based licensing
» more

Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more

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