DBMS > Citus vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Transbase vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Transbase vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A resource-optimized, high-performance, universally applicable RDBMS

A .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.13
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	807.76
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.05
Rank	#355	Overall
	#150	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#385	Overall
	#40	Graph DBMS
	#21	Object oriented DBMS

Website

www.citusdata.com

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.transaction.de/en/products/transbase.html

velocitydb.com

Technical documentation

docs.citusdata.com

docs.immudb.io

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.transaction.de/en/products/transbase/features.html

velocitydb.com/UserGuide

Developer

Codenotary

Microsoft

Transaction Software GmbH

VelocityDB Inc

Initial release

2010

2020

1989

1987

2011

Current release

8.1, December 2018

1.2.3, April 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

Transbase 8.3, 2022

7.x

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

free development license

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

Any that supports .NET

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

SQL-like syntax

yes

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

.Net

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Objective-C
PHP
Python

.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

Triggers

yes

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Based on Windows Authentication

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