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DBMS > Citus vs. Hazelcast vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Hazelcast vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA widely adopted in-memory data gridWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score5.97
Rank#57  Overall
#6  Key-value stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comhazelcast.comwww.postgresql.orgspark.apache.org/­sqlwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comhazelcast.org/­imdg/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperHazelcastPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerApache Software FoundationOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release201020081989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20141998
Current release8.1, December 20185.3.6, November 202316.2, February 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 202311 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageCJavaCScala
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoEvent Listeners, Executor Servicesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noPL/SQL
Triggersyesyes infoEventsyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes, utilizing Spark Corenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infoReplicated MapSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
CitusHazelcastPostgreSQLSpark SQLTimesTen
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