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DBMS > Citus vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. Kdb vs. PostgreSQL vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. Kdb vs. PostgreSQL vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHawkular Metrics  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLHawkular metrics is the metric storage of the Red Hat sponsored Hawkular monitoring system. It is based on Cassandra.High performance Time Series DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#379  Overall
#40  Time Series DBMS
Score7.55
Rank#53  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.citusdata.comwww.hawkular.orgkx.comwww.postgresql.orgvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comwww.hawkular.org/­hawkular-metrics/­docs/­user-guidecode.kx.comwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperCommunity supported by Red HatKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerOpenLink Software
Initial release201020142000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 20031989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL1998
Current release8.1, December 20183.6, May 201816.3, May 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infofree 32-bit versionOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaqCC
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes
Secondary indexesyesnoyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoSQL-like query language (q)yes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP RESTHTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nouser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyes infovia Hawkular Alertingyes infowith viewsyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infobased on Cassandrahorizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsselectable replication factor infobased on CassandraSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnorights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
CitusHawkular MetricsKdbPostgreSQLVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
CitusHawkular MetricsKdbPostgreSQLVirtuoso
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