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DBMS > Citus vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. H2 vs. LMDB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. H2 vs. LMDB vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Firestore  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLCloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score7.85
Rank#51  Overall
#8  Document stores
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comfirebase.google.com/­products/­firestorewww.h2database.comwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comfirebase.google.com/­docs/­firestorewww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.lmdb.tech/­docwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperGoogleThomas MuellerSymasPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20102017200520111989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release8.1, December 20182.2.220, July 20230.9.32, January 202416.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open SourceOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaCC
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedAll OS with a Java VMLinux
Unix
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyesnoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python
Java.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes, Firebase Rules & Cloud FunctionsJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyes, with Cloud Functionsyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonenonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replicationWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoUsing Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
CitusGoogle Cloud FirestoreH2LMDBPostgreSQL
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