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DBMS > Citus vs. Geode vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. Geode vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGeode  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLGeode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processesEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSTypeDB provides developers with an expressive, customizable type system to manage their data using an award-winning query language, TypeQL, while building on a high-performance, distributed architecture.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS infoThe type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the graph database model.
Object oriented DBMS infoThe data model of TypeDB comprises object-oriented features such as class inheritance and interfaces.
Relational DBMS infoThe type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the relational database model.
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.51
Rank#147  Overall
#25  Key-value stores
Score2.76
Rank#99  Overall
#8  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score807.76
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#230  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#9  Object oriented DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comgeode.apache.orgwww.ontotext.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-servertypedb.com
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comgeode.apache.org/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-servertypedb.com/­docs
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperOriginally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.OntotextMicrosoftVaticle
Initial release20102002200019892016
Current release8.1, December 20181.1, February 201710.4, October 2023SQL Server 2022, November 20222.28.3, June 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses available as Gemfirecommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageCJavaJavaC++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VM infothe JDK (8 or later) is also requiredAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language (OQL)stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyesno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (IDE)
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
All JVM based languages
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functionswell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javano
Triggersyesyes infoCache Event Listenersnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationno
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replicationMulti-source replicationyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSynchronous replication via raft
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoConstraint checkingyesno infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyes, on a single nodeACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights per client and object definableDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
CitusGeodeGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft SQL ServerTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more
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22 August 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
CitusGeodeGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft SQL ServerTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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