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DBMS > Citus vs. CockroachDB vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison Citus vs. CockroachDB vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCitus  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.citusdata.comwww.cockroachlabs.comgithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
azure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationdocs.citusdata.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsdocs.immudb.iodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperCockroach LabsCodenotaryMicrosoft
Initial release2010201520202010
Current release8.1, December 201824.1.0, May 20241.2.3, April 2022V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCGoGoC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hosted
Data schemeyesdynamic schemaschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLSQL-like syntaxyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBCgRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nonoTransact SQL
Triggersyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication using RAFTyes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
CitusCockroachDBImmudbMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
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