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DBMS > Cassandra vs. OpenMLDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. OpenMLDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Vertica

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonOpenMLDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessAn open-source machine learning database that provides a feature platform for training and inferenceWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelWide column storeTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.10
Rank#359  Overall
#36  Time Series DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score10.06
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgopenmldb.aiwww.postgresql.orgwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestopenmldb.ai/­docs/­zh/­mainwww.postgresql.org/­docsvertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by Facebook4 Paradigm Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release200820201989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2005
Current release4.1.3, July 20232024-2 February 202416.3, May 202412.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDcommercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++, Java, ScalaCC++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schemayesYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
JDBC
SQLAlchemy
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersyesnoyesyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraOpenMLDBPostgreSQLVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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