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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. QuestDB vs. SAP HANA vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. QuestDB vs. SAP HANA vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSA high performance open source SQL database for time series dataIn-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud serviceA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score2.70
Rank#105  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Score44.27
Rank#23  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Score1.80
Rank#138  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverquestdb.iowww.sap.com/­products/­hana.htmlwww.tigergraph.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverquestdb.io/­docshelp.sap.com/­hanadocs.tigergraph.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMicrosoftQuestDB Technology IncSAP
Initial release20081989201420102017
Current release4.1.3, July 2023SQL Server 2022, November 20222.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono infoalso available as a cloud based serviceno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageJavaC++Java (Zero-GC), C++, RustC++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Appliance or cloud-serviceLinux
Data schemeschema-freeyesyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocolyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesSQL with time-series extensionsyesSQL-like query language (GSQL)
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
JDBC
ODBC
GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavanoSQLScript, Ryes
Triggersyesyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationhorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)yes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication with eventual consistencyyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID for single-table writesACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infothrough memory mapped filesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesRole-based access control
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraMicrosoft SQL ServerQuestDBSAP HANATigerGraph
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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