DBMS > Cassandra vs. Lovefield vs. Milvus vs. SQLite vs. TDengine

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Lovefield vs. Milvus vs. SQLite vs. TDengine

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Time Series DBMS and big data platform

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	101.89
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	2.31
Rank	#113	Overall
	#3	Vector DBMS

Score	114.32
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	2.60
Rank	#107	Overall
	#8	Time Series DBMS

Website

cassandra.apache.org

google.github.io/lovefield

milvus.io

www.sqlite.org

github.com/taosdata/TDengine
tdengine.com

Technical documentation

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

milvus.io/docs/overview.md

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

docs.tdengine.com

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Google

Dwayne Richard Hipp

TDEngine, previously Taos Data

Initial release

2008

2014

2019

2000

2019

Current release

4.1.3, July 2023

2.1.12, February 2017

2.3.4, January 2024

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

3.0, August 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

AGPL V3, also commercial editions available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus

Implementation language

Java

JavaScript

C++, Go

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux
macOS

10.14 or later
Windows

with WSL 2 enabled

server-less

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Vector, Numeric and String

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

Standard SQL with extensions for time-series applications

APIs and other access methods

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

JavaScript

C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

yes

yes, via alarm monitoring

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

none

Sharding

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Bounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per object

Role based access control and fine grained access rights

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
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TDengine™ is a next generation data historian purpose-built for Industry 4.0 and...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
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High Performance at any Scale: TDengine is purpose-built for handling massive industrial...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
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TDengine is designed for Industrial IoT scenarios, including: Manufacturing Connected...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more

Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
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Market metrics

Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more

As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations 3k+ enterprise...
» more

TDengine has garnered over 22,500 stars on GitHub and is used in over 50 countries...
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more

Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more

TDengine OSS is an open source, cloud native time series database. It includes built-in...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.