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DBMS > Cassandra vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. ObjectBox

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. ObjectBox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonObjectBox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSLightweight, fast on-device database for IoT, Mobile and Embedded devices, persisting and synchronising objects and vectors
Primary database modelWide column storeKey-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Graph DBMSObject oriented DBMS
Vector DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Spatial DBMSTime Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score1.29
Rank#166  Overall
#5  Object oriented DBMS
#7  Vector DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
github.com/­objectbox
objectbox.io
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.nebula-graph.iodocs.objectbox.io
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleMicrosoftVesoft Inc.ObjectBox Limited
Initial release20082011201420192017
Current release4.1.3, July 20231.23, February 20214.0 (May 2024)
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Bindings are released under Apache 2.0 infoApache License 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaC++C++C and C++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinuxAndroid
Any POSIX system
Docker
iOS
Linux
macOS
QNX
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeStrong typed schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infoJSON typesyesyes, plus "flex" map-like types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noSQL-like query languageSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Proprietary native API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
C
C++
Dart (Flutter)
Go
Java
Kotlin
Python
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoJavaScriptuser defined functionsno
TriggersyesnoJavaScriptno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"noneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceCausal Clustering using Raft protocolData sync between devices allowing occasional connected databases to work completely offline
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnoAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelRole-based access controlyes
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraLevelDBMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBNebulaGraphObjectBox
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
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