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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Cassandra vs. InfluxDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Cassandra vs. InfluxDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonInfluxDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessDBMS for storing time series, events and metricsMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Spatial DBMS infowith GEO packageDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score25.83
Rank#28  Overall
#1  Time Series DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcassandra.apache.orgwww.influxdata.com/­products/­influxdb-overviewwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-servergithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.influxdata.com/­influxdblearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release20132008201319892016
Current release4.1.0, June 20224.1.3, July 20232.7.6, April 2024SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoMIT-License; commercial enterprise version availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageC++JavaGoC++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X infothrough Homebrew
Linux
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesNumeric data and Stringsyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL-like query languageyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
HTTP API
JSON over UDP
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersnoyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"Sharding infoin enterprise version onlytables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleselectable replication factor infoin enterprise version onlyyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infoDepending on used storage engineyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users can be defined per objectsimple rights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaCassandraInfluxDBMicrosoft SQL ServerToroDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
InfluxData is the creator of InfluxDB , the open source time series database. It...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Time to Value InfluxDB is available in all the popular languages and frameworks,...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
IoT & Sensor Monitoring Developers are witnessing the instrumentation of every available...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
InfluxData has more than 1,900 paying customers, including customers include MuleSoft,...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Fastest-growing database to drive 27,500 GitHub stars Over 750,000 daily active instances
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
Open source core with closed source clustering available either on-premise or on...
» more
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