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DBMS > Cassandra vs. IBM Db2 Event Store vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SQLite vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. IBM Db2 Event Store vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SQLite vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 Event Store  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessDistributed Event Store optimized for Internet of Things use casesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMSEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelWide column storeEvent Store
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.19
Rank#323  Overall
#2  Event Stores
#28  Time Series DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2-event-storeazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.sqlite.orgwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2-event-storedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.sqlite.org/­docs.htmldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookIBMMicrosoftDwayne Richard HippStardog-Union
Initial release20082017201920002010
Current release4.1.3, July 20232.0cloud service with continuous releases3.45.3  (15 April 2024), April 20247.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial infofree developer edition availablecommercialOpen Source infoPublic Domaincommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaC and C++CJava
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux infoLinux, macOS, Windows for the developer additionhostedserver-lessLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infodynamic column typesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoall fields are automatically indexedyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infothrough the embedded Spark runtimeKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
DB2 Connect
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleActive-active shard replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.noneMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesNo - written data is immutableyesyes infovia file-system locksyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesYes - Synchronous writes to local disk combined with replication and asynchronous writes in parquet format to permanent shared storageyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationnoAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraIBM Db2 Event StoreMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSQLiteStardog
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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