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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SAP HANA vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Heroic vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SAP HANA vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessTime Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSIn-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud serviceEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelWide column storeTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.46
Rank#265  Overall
#22  Time Series DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score44.27
Rank#23  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitecassandra.apache.orggithub.com/­spotify/­heroicwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.sap.com/­products/­hana.htmlwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestspotify.github.io/­heroiclearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverhelp.sap.com/­hanadocs.stardog.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookSpotifyMicrosoftSAPStardog-Union
Initial release20082014198920102010
Current release4.1.3, July 2023SQL Server 2022, November 20222.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 20237.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono infoalso available as a cloud based serviceno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageJavaJavaC++Java
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Appliance or cloud-serviceLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infovia Elasticsearchyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noyesyesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaSQLScript, Ruser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesnoyesyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationyesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionyesMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraHeroicMicrosoft SQL ServerSAP HANAStardog
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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