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DBMS > Cassandra vs. HBase vs. Neo4j vs. Newts vs. ScyllaDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. HBase vs. Neo4j vs. Newts vs. ScyllaDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonNewts  Xexclude from comparisonScyllaDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsTime Series DBMS based on CassandraCassandra and DynamoDB compatible wide column store
Primary database modelWide column storeWide column storeGraph DBMSTime Series DBMSWide column store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Key-value store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score27.97
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score0.07
Rank#375  Overall
#41  Time Series DBMS
Score4.08
Rank#76  Overall
#5  Wide column stores
Websitecassandra.apache.orghbase.apache.orgneo4j.comopennms.github.io/­newtswww.scylladb.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latesthbase.apache.org/­book.htmlneo4j.com/­docsgithub.com/­OpenNMS/­newts/­wikidocs.scylladb.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetNeo4j, Inc.OpenNMS GroupScyllaDB
Initial release20082008200720142015
Current release4.1.3, July 20232.3.4, January 20215.20, May 2024ScyllaDB Open Source 5.4.1, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoOpen Source (AGPL), commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.Scylla Cloud: Create real-time applications that run at global scale with Scylla Cloud, the industry’s most powerful NoSQL DBaaS
Implementation languageJavaJavaJava, ScalaJavaC++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free, schema definition possibleschema-free and schema-optionalschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucenenoyes infocluster global secondary indices
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)nononoSQL-like DML and DDL statements (CQL)
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
HTTP REST
Java API
Proprietary protocol (CQL) infocompatible with CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)
Thrift
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaFor CQL interface: C#, C++, Clojure, Erlang, Go, Haskell, Java, JavaScript, Node.js, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Rust, Scala
For DynamoDB interface: .Net, ColdFusion, Erlang, Groovy, Java, JavaScript, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoCoprocessors in Javayes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsnoyes, Lua
Triggersyesyesyes infovia event handlernono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardingyes using Neo4j FabricSharding infobased on CassandraSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Causal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyselectable replication factor infobased on Cassandraselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possible
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Eventual Consistency
Tunable Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoRelationships in graphsnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)ACIDnono infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes infoin-memory tables
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)noAccess rights for users can be defined per object
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraHBaseNeo4jNewtsScyllaDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
ScyllaDB is engineered to deliver predictable performance at scale. It’s adopted...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
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Highly-performant (efficiently utilizes full resources of a node and network; millions...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
ScyllaDB is ideal for applications that require high throughput and low latency at...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Discord, Epic Games, Expedia, Zillow, Comcast, Disney+ Hotstar, Samsung, ShareChat,...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
ScyllaDB typically offers ~75% total cost of ownership savings, with ~5X higher throughput...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
ScyllaDB Open Source - free open source software (AGPL) ScyllaDB Enterprise - subscription-based...
» more
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