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DBMS > Cassandra vs. H2 vs. MarkLogic vs. RocksDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. H2 vs. MarkLogic vs. RocksDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonRocksDB  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseEmbeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Key-value storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score5.18
Rank#63  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#7  Search engines
Score3.41
Rank#86  Overall
#11  Key-value stores
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.h2database.comwww.marklogic.comrocksdb.orggithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.marklogic.comgithub.com/­facebook/­rocksdb/­wikiwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookThomas MuellerMarkLogic Corp.Facebook, Inc.Juxt Ltd.
Initial release20082005200120132019
Current release4.1.3, July 20232.2.220, July 202311.0, December 20229.2.1, May 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++C++Clojure
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesyes infoSQL92nolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
C++ API
Java API
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaC
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptnono
Triggersyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"noneShardinghorizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesyesyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionyesACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes, with Range Indexesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsno
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraH2MarkLogicRocksDBXTDB infoformerly named Crux
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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