DBMS > Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Solr vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Solr vs. Trino

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

A widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucene

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	101.89
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	2.89
Rank	#103	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	42.91
Rank	#24	Overall
	#3	Search engines

Score	5.00
Rank	#66	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Website

cassandra.apache.org

cloud.google.com/spanner

solr.apache.org

trino.io

Technical documentation

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

solr.apache.org/resources.html

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

Social network pages

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Google

Apache Software Foundation

Trino Software Foundation

Initial release

2008

2017

2006

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

Current release

4.1.3, July 2023

9.6.0, April 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

runs as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Dynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fields

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

supports customizable data types and automatic typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

depending on connected data-source

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

Solr Parallel SQL Interface

yes

APIs and other access methods

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java plugins

yes, depending on connected data-source

Triggers

yes

User configurable commands triggered on index changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

Sharding

depending on connected data-source

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

yes

depending on connected data-source

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

spark-solr: github.com/lucidworks/spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

depending on connected data-source

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

optimistic locking

depending on connected data-source

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

depending on connected data-source

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per object

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

yes

SQL standard access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
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Market metrics

Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
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15 April 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.