DBMS > Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. InfluxDB vs. LevelDB vs. NebulaGraph

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. InfluxDB vs. LevelDB vs. NebulaGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.

DBMS for storing time series, events and metrics

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Primary database model

Wide column store

Key-value store
Wide column store

Time Series DBMS

Key-value store

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Spatial DBMS

with GEO package

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	101.89
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	3.26
Rank	#92	Overall
	#13	Key-value stores
	#8	Wide column stores

Score	25.83
Rank	#28	Overall
	#1	Time Series DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	2.14
Rank	#120	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Website

cassandra.apache.org

cloud.google.com/bigtable

www.influxdata.com/products/influxdb-overview

github.com/google/leveldb

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

Technical documentation

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

cloud.google.com/bigtable/docs

docs.influxdata.com/influxdb

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.nebula-graph.io

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Google

Vesoft Inc.

Initial release

2008

2015

2013

2011

2019

Current release

4.1.3, July 2023

2.7.6, April 2024

1.23, February 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Open Source

MIT-License; commercial enterprise version available

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X

through Homebrew

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

Strong typed schema

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numeric data and Strings

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)

HTTP API
JSON over UDP

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

Sharding

in enterprise version only

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zones

selectable replication factor

in enterprise version only

none

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

Atomic single-row operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

using RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Depending on used storage engine

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per object

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

simple rights management via user accounts

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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InfluxData is the creator of InfluxDB , the open source time series database. It...
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NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Time to Value InfluxDB is available in all the popular languages and frameworks,...
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NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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IoT & Sensor Monitoring Developers are witnessing the instrumentation of every available...
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Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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InfluxData has more than 1,900 paying customers, including customers include MuleSoft,...
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Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Market metrics

Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more

Fastest-growing database to drive 27,500 GitHub stars Over 750,000 daily active instances
» more

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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Open source core with closed source clustering available either on-premise or on...
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NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.