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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Geode vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Postgres-XL vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Geode vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Postgres-XL vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonGeode  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessGeode is a distributed data container, pooling memory, CPU, network resources, and optionally local disk across multiple processesElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelWide column storeKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.86
Rank#134  Overall
#24  Key-value stores
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.53
Rank#254  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score10.06
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orggeode.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.postgres-xl.orgwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestgeode.apache.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationvertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookOriginally developed by Gemstone. They outsourced the project to Apache in 2015 but still deliver a commercial version as Gemfire.MicrosoftOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release2008200220162014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB2005
Current release4.1.3, July 20231.1, February 201710 R1, October 201812.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses available as GemfirecommercialOpen Source infoMozilla public licensecommercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC++CC++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infothe JDK (8 or later) is also requiredhostedLinux
macOS
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyesyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL-like query language (OQL)yesyes infodistributed, parallel query executionFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Java Client API
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
All JVM based languages
C++
Groovy
Java
Scala
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsTransact SQLuser defined functionsyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersyesyes infoCache Event Listenersnoyesyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingSharding, horizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replicationyesMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsyes, on a single nodeACIDACID infoMVCCACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights per client and object definableyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraGeodeMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgres-XLVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
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