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DBMS > Cassandra vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. Milvus

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. Milvus

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Firestore  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Cloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches
Primary database modelWide column storeDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Document storeVector DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score7.36
Rank#53  Overall
#9  Document stores
Score2.78
Rank#103  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbfirebase.google.com/­products/­firestoremilvus.io
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestapple.github.io/­foundationdbfirebase.google.com/­docs/­firestoremilvus.io/­docs/­overview.md
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookFoundationDBGoogle
Initial release2008201320172019
Current release4.1.3, July 20236.2.28, November 20202.3.4, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageJavaC++C++, Go
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesVector, Numeric and String
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)supported in specific SQL layer onlynono
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoin SQL-layer onlyyes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functionsno
Triggersyesnoyes, with Cloud Functionsno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyesMulti-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoUsing Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Linearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlynono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDyesno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.Role based access control and fine grained access rights
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraFoundationDBGoogle Cloud FirestoreMilvus
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
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