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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Elasticsearch vs. PostgreSQL vs. Riak TS vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Elasticsearch vs. PostgreSQL vs. Riak TS vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRiak TS  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLRiak TS is a distributed NoSQL database optimized for time series data and based on Riak KVSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelWide column storeSearch engineRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.28
Rank#307  Overall
#27  Time Series DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchwww.postgresql.orgspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docswww.tiot.jp/­riak-docs/­riak/­ts/­latestspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookElasticPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerOpen Source, formerly Basho TechnologiesApache Software Foundation
Initial release200820101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20152014
Current release4.1.3, July 20238.6, January 202316.3, May 20243.0.0, September 20223.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoElastic LicenseOpen Source infoBSDOpen SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
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Implementation languageJavaJavaCErlangScala
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesrestrictedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes, limitedSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C infounofficial client library
C#
C++ infounofficial client library
Clojure infounofficial client library
Dart infounofficial client library
Erlang
Go infounofficial client library
Groovy infounofficial client library
Haskell infounofficial client library
Java
JavaScript infounofficial client library
Lisp infounofficial client library
Perl infounofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala infounofficial client library
Smalltalk infounofficial client library
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Erlangno
Triggersyesyes infoby using the 'percolation' featureyesyes infopre-commit hooks and post-commit hooksno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashShardingyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsselectable replication factornone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesES-Hadoop Connectornoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno infolinks between datasets can be storedno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnono
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraElasticsearchPostgreSQLRiak TSSpark SQL
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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