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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Elasticsearch vs. GraphDB vs. Solr

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Elasticsearch vs. GraphDB vs. Solr

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.A widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucene
Primary database modelWide column storeSearch engineGraph DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score42.91
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchwww.ontotext.comsolr.apache.org
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationsolr.apache.org/­resources.html
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookElasticOntotextApache Software Foundation
Initial release2008201020002006
Current release4.1.3, July 20238.6, January 202310.4, October 20239.5.0, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoElastic Licensecommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaJavaJavaJava
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fields
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typing
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL-like query languagestored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCSolr Parallel SQL Interface
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyeswell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityJava plugins
Triggersyesyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyesMulti-source replicationyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesES-Hadoop Connectornospark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoConstraint checkingno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACIDoptimistic locking
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.yes
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraElasticsearchGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMSolr
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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