DBMS > Cassandra vs. Datomic vs. Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. SAP IQ

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Datomic vs. Dgraph vs. LevelDB vs. SAP IQ

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Columnar RDBMS optimized for Big Data analytics

Primary database model

column-oriented

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	98.83
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	1.66
Rank	#144	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	1.53
Rank	#152	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	2.64
Rank	#108	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Website

cassandra.apache.org

www.datomic.com

dgraph.io

github.com/google/leveldb

www.sap.com/products/technology-platform/sybase-iq-big-data-management.html

Technical documentation

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

docs.datomic.com

dgraph.io/docs

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

help.sap.com/docs/SAP_IQ

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Cognitect

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Google

SAP, formerly Sybase

Initial release

2008

2012

2016

2011

1994

Current release

4.1.3, July 2023

1.0.6735, June 2023

1.23, February 2021

16.1 SPS04, April 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

Java

Java, Clojure

C++

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

yes

APIs and other access methods

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

RESTful HTTP API

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Clojure
Java

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
C#
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transaction Functions

yes

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

yes

none

shared disk or shared nothing architectures with SAP IQ Multiplexer

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

Synchronous replication via Raft

none

SAP/Sybase Replication Server

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per object

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metrics

Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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