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DBMS > Cassandra vs. CrateDB vs. Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres vs. Milvus vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. CrateDB vs. Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres vs. Milvus vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonFujitsu Enterprise Postgres  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessDistributed Database based on LuceneEnterprise-grade PostgreSQL-based DBMS with security enhancements such as Transparent Data Encryption and Data Masking, plus high-availability and performance improvement features.A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelWide column storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSVector DBMSRDF store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Relational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.71
Rank#227  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score0.37
Rank#278  Overall
#128  Relational DBMS
Score2.78
Rank#103  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitecassandra.apache.orgcratedb.comwww.postgresql.fastware.commilvus.iordf4j.org
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestcratedb.com/­docswww.postgresql.fastware.com/­product-manualsmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookCratePostgreSQL Global Development Group, Fujitsu Australia Software TechnologySince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release2008201320192004
Current release4.1.3, July 2023Fujitsu Enterprise Postgres 14, January 20222.3.4, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageJavaJavaCC++, GoJava
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportLinux
Windows
Linux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yesyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesVector, Numeric and Stringyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilityyesnono
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP APIJava API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions (Javascript)user defined functionsnoyes
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardingpartitioning by range, list and by hashShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelSource-replica replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Immediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsno infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACIDnoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectrights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole based access control and fine grained access rightsno
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraCrateDBFujitsu Enterprise PostgresMilvusRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
The enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
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100% compatible with community PostgreSQL
» more
Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Response time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
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Built-in TDE and Data Masking security. In-Memory Columnar Index, and a high speed...
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Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Transactional payments applications, reporting and mixed workloads.
» more
RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Across all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
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Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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The CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
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Over 30 years experience in database technology. Over 20 years in Postgres development...
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As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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See CrateDB pricing >
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Core based licensing
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Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
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