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DBMS > Cassandra vs. CrateDB vs. eXtremeDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Postgres-XL

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. CrateDB vs. eXtremeDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Postgres-XL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisoneXtremeDB  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessDistributed Database based on LuceneNatively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clusteringOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features
Primary database modelWide column storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Relational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.73
Rank#224  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#223  Overall
#103  Relational DBMS
#18  Time Series DBMS
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgcratedb.comwww.mcobject.comgithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.postgres-xl.org
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestcratedb.com/­docswww.mcobject.com/­docs/­extremedb.htmapple.github.io/­foundationdbwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookCrateMcObjectFoundationDB
Initial release20082013200120132014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB
Current release4.1.3, July 20238.2, 20216.2.28, November 202010 R1, October 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMozilla public license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC and C++C++C
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportAIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Data schemeschema-freeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yesschema-free infosome layers support schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesno infosome layers support typingyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infosupport of XML interfaces availableyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionality
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilityyes infowith the option: eXtremeSQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infodistributed, parallel query execution
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions (Javascript)yesin SQL-layer onlyuser defined functions
Triggersyesnoyes infoby defining eventsnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardinghorizontal partitioning / shardingShardinghorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelActive Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication infoby means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication infoby means of eXtremeDB High Availability option
yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Immediate ConsistencyLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesin SQL-layer onlyyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsno infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACIDACIDACID infoMVCC
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoOptimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies availableyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectrights management via user accountsnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraCrateDBeXtremeDBFoundationDBPostgres-XL
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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The enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
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eXtremeDB is an in-memory and/or persistent database system that offers an ultra-small...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Response time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
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eXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
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IoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Across all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
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Schneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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The CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
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With hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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See CrateDB pricing >
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For server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
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