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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Citus vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. Machbase Neo vs. Neo4j

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Citus vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. Machbase Neo vs. Neo4j

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Firestore  Xexclude from comparisonMachbase Neo infoFormer name was Infiniflux  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLCloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.TimeSeries DBMS for AIoT and BigDataScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSDocument storeTime Series DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score7.36
Rank#53  Overall
#9  Document stores
Score0.17
Rank#337  Overall
#30  Time Series DBMS
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comfirebase.google.com/­products/­firestoremachbase.comneo4j.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.citusdata.comfirebase.google.com/­docs/­firestoremachbase.com/­dbmsneo4j.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleMachbaseNeo4j, Inc.
Initial release20082010201720132007
Current release4.1.3, July 20238.1, December 2018V8.0, August 20235.20, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercial infofree test version availableOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaCCJava, Scala
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesschema-free and schema-optional
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport)
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP infovia ODBC
Python
R infovia ODBC
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functionsnoyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functions
Triggersyesyesyes, with Cloud Functionsnoyes infovia event handler
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingShardingShardingyes using Neo4j Fabric
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replicationselectable replication factorCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version only
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoUsing Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDyesnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesnoyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infovolatile and lookup table
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.simple password-based access controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraCitusGoogle Cloud FirestoreMachbase Neo infoFormer name was InfinifluxNeo4j
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
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