DBMS > BoltDB vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Oracle vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison BoltDB vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Oracle vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An embedded key-value store for Go.

High performance Time Series DBMS

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Widely used RDBMS

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Key-value store

Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

RDF store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.74
Rank	#220	Overall
	#31	Key-value stores

Score	7.55
Rank	#53	Overall
	#3	Time Series DBMS
	#1	Vector DBMS

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

github.com/boltdb/bolt

kx.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.oracle.com/database

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

code.kx.com

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

docs.oracle.com/en/database

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plc

Microsoft

Oracle

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2013

2000

kdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003

2014

1980

2004

Current release

3.6, May 2018

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

free 32-bit version

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

table attribute 'grouped'

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (q)

SQL-like query language

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

JavaScript

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes

Triggers

yes

with views

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Source-replica replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

similar paradigm used for internal processing

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

rights management via user accounts

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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Competitive advantages

provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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Typical application scenarios

tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Key customers

Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Market metrics

kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Licensing and pricing models

upon request
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