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DBMS > Blazegraph vs. DuckDB vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Blazegraph vs. DuckDB vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameBlazegraph  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
Amazon has acquired Blazegraph's domain and (probably) product. It is said that Amazon Neptune is based on Blazegraph.
DescriptionHigh-performance graph database supporting Semantic Web (RDF/SPARQL) and Graph Database (tinkerpop3, blueprints, vertex-centric) APIs with scale-out and High Availability.An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.81
Rank#213  Overall
#19  Graph DBMS
#8  RDF stores
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteblazegraph.comduckdb.orgwww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.stardog.com
Technical documentationwiki.blazegraph.comduckdb.org/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperBlazegraphThomas MuellerMicrosoftStardog-Union
Initial release20062018200520102010
Current release2.1.5, March 20190.10, February 20242.2.220, July 2023V127.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoextended commercial license availableOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++JavaC++Java
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
server-lessAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infoRDF literal typesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLSPARQL is used as query languageyesyesyesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJava API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL QUERY
SPARQL UPDATE
TinkerPop 3
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Java.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsTransact SQLuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnonoyesyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnoneWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in Graphsnoyesyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlSecurity and Authentication via Web Application Container (Tomcat, Jetty)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
BlazegraphDuckDBH2Microsoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureStardog
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