DBMS > BaseX vs. CrateDB vs. Memgraph vs. NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL
System Properties Comparison BaseX vs. CrateDB vs. Memgraph vs. NebulaGraph vs. PostgreSQL
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| Name | BaseX Xexclude from comparison | CrateDB Xexclude from comparison | Memgraph Xexclude from comparison | NebulaGraph Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Light-weight Native XML DBMS with support for XQuery 3.0 and interactive GUI. | Distributed Database based on Lucene | An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4j | A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS | Widely used open source RDBMS  Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Native XML DBMS | Document store Spatial DBMS Search engine Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | Graph DBMS | Graph DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Relational DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | basex.org | cratedb.com | memgraph.com | github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula www.nebula-graph.io | www.postgresql.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | docs.basex.org | cratedb.com/docs | memgraph.com/docs | docs.nebula-graph.io | www.postgresql.org/docs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Social network pages |      | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | BaseX GmbH | Crate | Memgraph Ltd | Vesoft Inc. | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2007 | 2013 | 2017 | 2019 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 10.7, August 2023 | 16.2, February 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source BSD license | Open Source | Open Source BSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition available | Open Source Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0 | Open Source BSD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform. | Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | Java | Java | C and C++ | C++ | C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | Linux OS X Windows | All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator support | Linux | Linux | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free | Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) | schema-free and schema-optional | Strong typed schema | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | no XQuery supports types | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value. | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | no | yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibility | no | SQL-like query language | yes standard with numerous extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | Java API RESTful HTTP API RESTXQ WebDAV XML:DB XQJ | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC PostgreSQL wire protocol Prometheus Remote Read/Write RESTful HTTP API | Bolt protocol Cypher query language | Browser interface console (shell) Cypher Query Language GO Object Graph Mapper Java Object Graph Mapper NGBatis ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-BootProprietary native API Python Object Graph Mapper Query language nGQL | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | Actionscript C C# Haskell Java JavaScript Node.jsLisp Perl PHP Python Qt Rebol Ruby Scala Visual Basic | .NET Erlang Go community maintained clientJava JavaScript (Node.js) community maintained clientPerl community maintained clientPHP Python R Ruby community maintained clientScala community maintained client | .Net C C++ Elixir Go Haskell Java JavaScript PHP Python Ruby Scala | .Net C++ Go Java PHP Python | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes | user defined functions (Javascript) | user defined functions | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes via events | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | none | Sharding | Sharding dynamic graph partitioning | Sharding | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | none | Configurable replication on table/partition-level | Multi-source replication using RAFT | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency Read-after-write consistency on record level | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | yes relationships in graphs | yes Relationships in graphs | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | multiple readers, single writer | no unique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategy | ACID with snapshot isolation | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes with periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changes | yes using RocksDB | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes | yes | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Users with fine-grained authorization concept on 4 levels | rights management via user accounts | Users, roles and permissions | Role-based access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BaseX | CrateDB | Memgraph | NebulaGraph | PostgreSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | The enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native... » more | Memgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team... » more | NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | Response time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling... » more | Business Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm... » more | NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics... » more | Graph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network... » more | Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | Across all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most... » more | Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | The CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®... » more | At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | See CrateDB pricing > » more | You can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website . » more | NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license. » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BaseX | CrateDB | Memgraph | NebulaGraph | PostgreSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor XML Injection Attacks: What to Know About XPath, XQuery, XXE & More 9 Skills You Need to Become a Data Engineer provided by Google News CrateDB Partners with HiveMQ to Deliver a Seamless Data Management Architecture for IoT CrateDB Announces Availability of CrateDB on Google Cloud Marketplace CrateDB Appoints Sergey Gerasimenko as New CTO How We Designed CrateDB as a Realtime SQL DBMS for the Internet of Things Real-Time Analytics Database Company CrateDB Names Lars Färnström as New CEO provided by Google News Graph database company Memgraph raises $9.34M Graph Database Market to grow at a CAGR of 19.9% from 2022 to 2027|Increased demand for low-latency queries is a ... Modeling and Navigating a Transportation Network with Memgraph Croatian graph database startup Memgraph raises €8M with Microsoft as key investor, plans to boost R&D London-based Memgraph raises over €8 million in seed funding to provide Streaming Graph Algorithms to the masses provided by Google News NebulaGraph Enterprise v5.0: The First Distributed Graph Database to Offer Native GQL Support NebulaGraph Enterprise v3.7.0 Empowers Enterprises to Build Knowledge Graphs with a Few Clicks NebulaGraph reaps from China’s growing appetite for graph databases Vesoft (NebulaGraph) Recognized in the Gartner® Market Guide for Graph Database Management Systems Beginner’s Guide to NebulaGraph Database | by Ng Wai Foong provided by Google News Automatically Generate Types for Your PostgreSQL Database Baffle Delivers Enterprise-Grade Data Security for PostgreSQL on Amazon RDS and Amazon Aurora Introducing OCI Database with PostgreSQL: Completing Our Cloud Database Suite for Every Need Your MySQL 5.7 and PostgreSQL 11 databases will be automatically enrolled into Amazon RDS Extended Support ... Why PostgreSQL Is the Bedrock for the Future of Data provided by Google News | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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