DBMS > ArcadeDB vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Qdrant

System Properties Comparison ArcadeDB vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Qdrant

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fast and scalable multi-model DBMS, originally forked from OrientDB but most of the code has been rewritten

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matching

Primary database model

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Time Series DBMS

in next version

Relational DBMS

Vector DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.02
Rank	#374	Overall
	#52	Document stores
	#38	Graph DBMS
	#56	Key-value stores
	#38	Time Series DBMS

Score	5.61
Rank	#60	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	807.76
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1.53
Rank	#145	Overall
	#7	Vector DBMS

Website

arcadedb.com

duckdb.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

github.com/qdrant/qdrant
qdrant.tech

Technical documentation

docs.arcadedb.com

duckdb.org/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

qdrant.tech/documentation

Developer

Arcade Data

Microsoft

Qdrant

Initial release

2021

2018

1989

2021

Current release

September 2021

1.0.0, June 2024

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Rust

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

server-less

Linux
Windows

Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numbers, Strings, Geo, Boolean

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Keywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-text

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language, no joins

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
MongoDB API
OpenCypher
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Redis API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
TinkerPop Gremlin

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

gRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

OpenAPI 3.0

Supported programming languages

Java

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Collection-level replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency, tunable consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Key-based authentication

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