DB-EnginesInfluxDB: Focus on building software with an easy-to-use serverless, scalable time series platformEnglish
Deutsch
Knowledge Base of Relational and NoSQL Database Management Systemsprovided by solid IT

DBMS > ArcadeDB vs. BoltDB vs. Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LeanXcale

System Properties Comparison ArcadeDB vs. BoltDB vs. Cassandra vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. LeanXcale

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameArcadeDB  Xexclude from comparisonBoltDB  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast and scalable multi-model DBMS, originally forked from OrientDB but most of the code has been rewrittenAn embedded key-value store for Go.Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities
Primary database modelDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Time Series DBMS infoin next version
Key-value storeWide column storeRelational DBMSKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.10
Rank#358  Overall
#48  Document stores
#38  Graph DBMS
#52  Key-value stores
#35  Time Series DBMS
Score0.80
Rank#215  Overall
#31  Key-value stores
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.36
Rank#280  Overall
#40  Key-value stores
#129  Relational DBMS
Websitearcadedb.comgithub.com/­boltdb/­boltcassandra.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.leanxcale.com
Technical documentationdocs.arcadedb.comcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docs
DeveloperArcade DataApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleLeanXcale
Initial release20212013200820172015
Current releaseSeptember 20214.1.3, July 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaGoJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesnorestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language, no joinsnoSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infothrough Apache Derby
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
MongoDB API
OpenCypher
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Redis API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
TinkerPop Gremlin
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
Supported programming languagesJavaGoC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
Java
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonono
Triggersnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infono "single point of failure"Sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationnoneselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes inforelationship in graphsnonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDyesno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)
More information provided by the system vendor
ArcadeDBBoltDBCassandraGoogle Cloud SpannerLeanXcale
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
News

An Introduction to David Jones-Gilardi, Developer Relations
11 June 2024

Introducing Tejas Kumar, Developer Relations Engineer
7 June 2024

Indexing All of Wikipedia on a Laptop
5 June 2024

An Introduction to Phil Nash, Developer Relations
3 June 2024

Focus on Creativity, Not Clusters: DataStax Mission Control in Action!
30 May 2024

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesCassandra Forward event: Want to level up your Cassandra game? Watch now replays of the March 2023 sessions.
» more

CData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers.
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
ArcadeDBBoltDBCassandraGoogle Cloud SpannerLeanXcale
DB-Engines blog posts

Cassandra keeps climbing the ranks of the DB-Engines Ranking
3 May 2016, Matthias Gelbmann

Oracle is the DBMS of the Year
5 January 2016, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

Winners, losers and an attractive newcomer in Novembers DB-Engines ranking
2 November 2015, Paul Andlinger

show all

Recent citations in the news

What I learnt from building 3 high traffic web applications on an embedded key value store.
21 February 2018, hackernoon.com

4 Instructive Postmortems on Data Downtime and Loss
1 March 2024, The Hacker News

Roblox’s cloud-native catastrophe: A post mortem
31 January 2022, InfoWorld

How to Put a GUI on Ansible, Using Semaphore
22 April 2023, The New Stack

Three Reasons DevOps Should Consider Rocky Linux 9.4
15 May 2024, DevOps.com

provided by Google News

ScyllaDB 6.0 advances open source database scalability
12 June 2024, VentureBeat

Here's What to Know About Apache Cassandra 5.0
15 April 2024, hackernoon.com

Microsoft extends life support for aging Apache Cassandra 3.11 database
10 October 2023, The Register

How Zalando migrated their shopping carts to Amazon DynamoDB from Apache Cassandra | Amazon Web Services
11 October 2023, AWS Blog

Microsoft Build 2024: Cosmos DB for NoSQL gets vector search
21 May 2024, InfoWorld

provided by Google News

Google Improves Cloud Spanner: More Compute and Storage without Price Increase
14 October 2023, InfoQ.com

Google turns up the heat on AWS, claims Cloud Spanner is half the cost of DynamoDB
11 October 2023, TechCrunch

Google makes its Cloud Spanner database service faster and more cost-efficient
11 October 2023, SiliconANGLE News

Google Cloud just fired a major volley at AWS as the cloud wars heat up
12 October 2023, TechRadar

Google Spanner: When Do You Need to Move to It?
11 September 2023, hackernoon.com

provided by Google News



Share this page

Featured Products

Datastax Astra logo

Bring all your data to Generative AI applications with vector search enabled by the most scalable
vector database available.
Try for Free

Milvus logo

Vector database designed for GenAI, fully equipped for enterprise implementation.
Try Managed Milvus for Free

Neo4j logo

See for yourself how a graph database can make your life easier.
Use Neo4j online for free.

Present your product here