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DBMS > Apache Pinot vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. QuestDB vs. TempoIQ

System Properties Comparison Apache Pinot vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. QuestDB vs. TempoIQ

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Pinot  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparisonTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB  Xexclude from comparison
TempoIQ seems to be decommissioned. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionRealtime distributed OLAP datastore, designed to answer OLAP queries with low latencyMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA high performance open source SQL database for time series dataScalable analytics DBMS for sensor data, provided as a service (SaaS)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.40
Rank#270  Overall
#125  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.52
Rank#109  Overall
#9  Time Series DBMS
Websitepinot.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.orgquestdb.iotempoiq.com (offline)
Technical documentationdocs.pinot.apache.orglearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.postgresql.org/­docsquestdb.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerQuestDB Technology IncTempoIQ
Initial release201519891989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20142012
Current release1.0.0, September 2023SQL Server 2022, November 202216.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++CJava (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java JDK11 or higherLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocolschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL with time-series extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsJDBCADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
C#
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nono
Triggersyesyesnoyes infoRealtime Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication with eventual consistency
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID for single-table writesno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes infothrough memory mapped filesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardsimple authentication-based access control
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache PinotMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQLQuestDBTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB
Specific characteristicsRelational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenariosFinancial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersBanks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
Apache PinotMicrosoft SQL ServerPostgreSQLQuestDBTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB
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