DBMS > Apache Pinot vs. CrateDB vs. Drizzle vs. MariaDB vs. PostgreSQL
System Properties Comparison Apache Pinot vs. CrateDB vs. Drizzle vs. MariaDB vs. PostgreSQL
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| Name | Apache Pinot Xexclude from comparison | CrateDB Xexclude from comparison | Drizzle Xexclude from comparison | MariaDB Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Drizzle has published its last release in September 2012. The open-source project is discontinued and Drizzle is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Realtime distributed OLAP datastore, designed to answer OLAP queries with low latency | Distributed Database based on Lucene | MySQL fork with a pluggable micro-kernel and with an emphasis of performance over compatibility. | MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL. | Widely used open source RDBMS  Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Document store Spatial DBMS Search engine Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Relational DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with OQGraph storage engineSpatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | pinot.apache.org | cratedb.com | mariadb.com Site of MariaDB Corporation mariadb.org Site of MariaDB Foundation | www.postgresql.org | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | docs.pinot.apache.org | cratedb.com/docs | mariadb.com/kb/en/library | www.postgresql.org/docs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Apache Software Foundation and contributors | Crate | Drizzle project, originally started by Brian Aker | MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise), MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2015 | 2013 | 2008 | 2009 Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 1.0.0, September 2023 | 7.2.4, September 2012 | 11.3.2, February 2024 | 16.3, May 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache Version 2.0 | Open Source | Open Source GNU GPL | Open Source GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available | Open Source BSD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform. | STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant. |
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| Implementation language | Java | Java | C++ | C and C++ | C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | All OS with a Java JDK11 or higher | All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator support | FreeBSD Linux OS X | FreeBSD Linux Solaris Windows ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) | yes | yes Dynamic columns are supported | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | SQL-like query language | yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibility | yes with proprietary extensions | yes with proprietary extensions | yes standard with numerous extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | JDBC | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC PostgreSQL wire protocol Prometheus Remote Read/Write RESTful HTTP API | JDBC | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC Proprietary native API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | Go Java Python | .NET Erlang Go community maintained clientJava JavaScript (Node.js) community maintained clientPerl community maintained clientPHP Python R Ruby community maintained clientScala community maintained client | C C++ Java PHP | Ada C C# C++ D Eiffel Erlang Go Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme Tcl | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | user defined functions (Javascript) | no | yes PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3 | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | no hooks for callbacks inside the server can be used. | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | horizontal partitioning | Sharding | Sharding | several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Configurable replication on table/partition-level | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency Read-after-write consistency on record level | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | yes | yes not for MyISAM storage engine | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | no unique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategy | ACID | ACID not for MyISAM storage engine | ACID | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes not for in-memory storage engine | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes with MEMORY storage engine | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | rights management via user accounts | Pluggable authentication mechanisms e.g. LDAP, HTTP | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apache Pinot | CrateDB | Drizzle | MariaDB | PostgreSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | The enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native... » more | MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | Response time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling... » more | MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases.... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics... » more | Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | Across all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most... » more | Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | The CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®... » more | MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | See CrateDB pricing > » more | MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 3rd parties | Navicat for MariaDB provides a native environment for MariaDB database management and development. » more | Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Apache Pinot | CrateDB | Drizzle | MariaDB | PostgreSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | MySQL won the April ranking; did its forks follow? Has MySQL finally lost its mojo? | MariaDB strengthens its position in the open source RDBMS market PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2017 Big gains for Relational Database Management Systems in DB-Engines Ranking | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 StarTree broadly enhances Apache Pinot-based analytics platform StarTree Finds Apache Pinot the Right Vintage for IT Observability Real-Time Analytics for Mobile App Crashes using Apache Pinot Apache Pinot - SD Times Open Source Project of the Week Open source Apache Pinot advances as StarTree boosts real-time analytics and observability provided by Google News AWS Marketplace: CrateDB Cloud Comments CrateDB Announces Availability of CrateDB on Google Cloud Marketplace CrateDB Partners with HiveMQ to Deliver a Seamless Data Management Architecture for IoT How We Designed CrateDB as a Realtime SQL DBMS for the Internet of Things Crate.io Introduces CrateDB 2.0 Enterprise and Open Source Editions provided by Google News Private equity offer for MariaDB gets thumbsup from shareholders MariaDB plc: Shareholders speak, but execs are quiet Struggling database company MariaDB could be taken private in $37M deal RECOMMENDED CASH OFFER for MARIADB PLC by MERIDIAN BIDCO LLC which is an Affiliate of K1 INVESTMENT ... ServiceNow trades MariaDB for RaptorDB (PostgreSQL) provided by Google News Timescale unveils high-performance AI vector database extensions for PostgreSQL PostgreSQL is Now Faster than Pinecone, 75% Cheaper, with New Open Source Extensions PostgreSQL Tutorial: Definition, Commands, & Features Raise the bar on AI-powered app development with Azure Database for PostgreSQL A New Era AI Databases: PostgreSQL with pgvectorscale Outperforms Pinecone and Cuts Costs by 75% with New Open-Source Extensions provided by Google News | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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