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DBMS > Apache Pinot vs. Cassandra vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Solr

System Properties Comparison Apache Pinot vs. Cassandra vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Solr

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Pinot  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionRealtime distributed OLAP datastore, designed to answer OLAP queries with low latencyWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessCommon in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucene
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSearch engine
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.40
Rank#270  Overall
#125  Relational DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score128.46
Rank#8  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score42.91
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Websitepinot.apache.orgcassandra.apache.orgwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorersolr.apache.org
Technical documentationdocs.pinot.apache.orgcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorersolr.apache.org/­resources.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookIBMMicrosoftApache Software Foundation
Initial release201520081983 infohost version20192006
Current release1.0.0, September 20234.1.3, July 202312.1, October 2016cloud service with continuous releases9.6.0, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache version 2commercial infofree version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaJavaC and C++Java
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java JDK11 or higherBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hostedAll OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fields
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typing
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesall fields are automatically indexedyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSolr Parallel SQL Interface
APIs and other access methodsJDBCProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
Python
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava plugins
Triggersyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningSharding infono "single point of failure"Sharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux VersionSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkspark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDnooptimistic locking
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache PinotCassandraIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerSolr
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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